NDA Syllabus 2026: Detailed Subject-Wise Topics & Exam Pattern | UPSC

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NDA Syllabus 2026: Comprehensive Guide

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts the National Defence Academy (NDA) & Naval Academy (NA) examination twice a year – NDA 1 (April) and NDA 2 (September). The NDA Syllabus 2026 is based on the Class 11-12 curriculum and covers two major subjects: Mathematics (300 marks) and General Ability Test (GAT) (600 marks). A total of 900 marks are allocated for the written exam, followed by the SSB Interview (900 marks). This syllabus is essential for candidates aiming for a career in the Indian Armed Forces.

NDA Exam Pattern 2026

The NDA written exam consists of two objective papers with negative marking. The total duration is 5 hours.

SubjectQuestionsMarksCorrect (+)Incorrect (-)Duration
Mathematics120300+2.5-0.832½ hours
General Ability Test (GAT)150600+4-1.332½ hours
Total270900--5 hours

NDA Syllabus for Mathematics

The Mathematics syllabus covers Class 11-12 topics, testing analytical skills through 120 questions worth 300 marks. Key topics include Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus, and more.

Mathematics Topics List

  • Algebra
  • Matrices and Determinants
  • Trigonometry
  • Analytical Geometry (2D)
  • Analytical Geometry (3D)
  • Differential Calculus
  • Integral Calculus and Differential Equations
  • Vector Algebra
  • Statistics and Probability
TopicSub-Topics
ALGEBRAConcept of set, operations on sets, Venn diagrams, De Morgan laws, Cartesian product, Relation, Equivalence relation; Representation of real numbers on a line; Complex numbers-basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unity; Binary system of numbers; Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions; Quadratic equations with real coefficients; Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs; Permutation and Combination; Binomial theorem and its applications; Logarithms and their applications.
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTSTypes of matrices, operations on matrices; Determinant of a matrix, basic properties of determinants; Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, Applications-Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramer’s rule and by Matrix Method.
TRIGONOMETRYAngles and their measures in degrees and in radians; Trigonometrical ratios; Trigonometric identities sum and difference formulae; Multiple and Sub-multiple angles; Inverse trigonometric functions; Applications-Height and distance, properties of triangles.
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY (2D)Rectangular Cartesian and polar coordinates; Equations of a line, distance formula, intersection of lines, angle between two lines, equations of a circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY (3D)Vectors in 2D and 3D space; Scalar and Vector products; Standard equations of sphere, right circular cone and cylinder.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUSFunctions, limits, continuity, differentiation; Applications of derivatives-rate of change of quantities, maxima and minima, tangents and normals, simple problems of maxima and minima.
INTEGRAL CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSIntegration as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions; Formation of ordinary differential equations; Solution of first order differential equations by separation of variables, homogeneous and linear differential equations.
VECTOR ALGEBRAScalar and Vector triple products, application to plane vectors.
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITYMeasures of central tendency and dispersion; applications of probability, Binomial Distribution.

NDA General Ability Test (GAT) Syllabus 2026

GAT comprises 150 questions worth 600 marks, divided into Part A: English (200 marks) and Part B: General Knowledge (400 marks).

Part A: English

Sub-TopicsDetails
Grammar & UsageSpotting Errors, Sentence Improvement, Ordering of Words.
VocabularySynonyms, Antonyms, Selecting Words.
ComprehensionPassage-based questions.
Cloze TestFill in blanks contextually.

Part B: General Knowledge

SubjectKey Topics
PHYSICSPhysical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Specific Gravity; Principle of Archimedes, Pressure Barometer; Motion of Objects, Velocity and Acceleration, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Force and Momentum, Parallelogram of Forces, Stability and Equilibrium of bodies, Gravitation, elementary ideas of work, Power and Energy; Effects of Heat, Measurement of Temperature and Heat, change of State and Latent Heats; Vibrations, Resonance and Sound, Light reflection, refraction, magnification and optical instruments; Electricity and Magnetism, Electric Current, Ohm’s Law, Simple Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic Effects of Current; X-rays.
CHEMISTRYPhysical and Chemical Changes; Elements, Mixtures and Compounds; Symbols, Formulae and Simple Chemical Equations; Law of Chemical Combination; Properties of Air and Water; Acids, Bases, Salts and Fertilizers; Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide; Oxidation and Reduction; Carbon-different forms; Fertilizers-Natural and Artificial.
GENERAL SCIENCEHuman Body-Food, Digestion and Respiration; Census, Population, Climate; Solar System; Epidemics, Balanced Diet, Solar System; Common Epidemics, their causes and prevention; Human Body, its organs, functions; Difference between living and non-living things; Cells and Tissues; Growth and Reproduction in Plants and Animals; Tissues, Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrition; Elementary knowledge of Solar System, Atmosphere, Climate.
HISTORYIndian History and Culture: Broad Survey; Renaissance, American Independence, French, Industrial, Russian Revolutions; Indian Freedom Struggle: Gandhi, Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose; Five Year Plans; Panchayati Raj; Co-operatives; Role of Armed Forces; UNO: Objectives, Structure, Functions.
GEOGRAPHYEarth: Shape, Size; Latitudes, Longitudes; Concept of Time; International Date Line; Rocks, Minerals; Weather, Climate; Ocean Currents; Atmosphere; Indian Geography: Rivers, Mountains, Soils, Climate; Natural Resources: Minerals, Forests, Agriculture; Ports, Trade.
CURRENT EVENTSIndia and World: Persons, Places, Awards; Sports, Books, Science Inventions; Recent Developments in India/World.

Selection Process

The NDA selection process comprises two stages: Written Exam (900 marks) and SSB Interview (900 marks). Candidates who qualify the written exam are called for the SSB Interview, which includes intelligence tests, group discussions, and personal interviews. Final merit is based on total marks obtained in both stages.

Preparation Tips for NDA 2026

To excel in the NDA exam, focus on NCERT textbooks for Classes 11 and 12. Practice previous year question papers and take mock tests to improve speed and accuracy. For Mathematics, prioritize Algebra and Trigonometry. For GAT, strengthen English grammar and vocabulary, and cover Physics, Chemistry, History, and Geography thoroughly. Stay updated with current events through newspapers and monthly magazines.

Frequently Asked Questions

The NDA Mathematics syllabus includes Algebra (sets, quadratics), Trigonometry (identities), Calculus (derivatives, integrals), Matrices, Vectors, Geometry (2D/3D), and Probability. It consists of 120 MCQs worth 300 marks.
Yes, the syllabus is published in the UPSC NDA notification and is identical to previous years, covering Class 11-12 NCERT level for both Mathematics and GAT.
Physics (100 marks: Newton's Laws, Optics), History/Geography (80 marks each), and English comprehension are high-weightage. Prioritize these areas for effective preparation.
Study NCERT textbooks for Classes 11 and 12, practice previous year questions, and focus on Trigonometry and Algebra which carry about 40% weightage. Solve at least 50 mock tests.
In Mathematics, 0.83 marks are deducted for each wrong answer. In GAT, 1.33 marks are deducted. There is no penalty for unanswered questions, so guess strategically.
The total duration is 5 hours: 2½ hours for Mathematics and 2½ hours for the General Ability Test (GAT).
The written exam is out of 900 marks: 300 for Mathematics and 600 for the General Ability Test (GAT).
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